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Bessie Abramowitz Hillman
Bessie Abramowitz Hillman (born Bas Sheva Abramowitz, May 15, 1889 – December 23, 1970) was a labor activist and founder of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America. She led the 1910 Chicago Garment Workers' Strike strike, which brought about the creation of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America labor union in 1914.
== Early life ==
Bas Sheva Abramowitz was born on May 15, 1889 in Linoveh, Grodno, Russia, part of the Pale of Settlement. The fourth child of ten, she spent her first fifteen years in Russia with her parents Emanuel Abramowitz, a commercial agent, and Sarah Rabinowitz, an innkeeper. Linoveh was a shtetl, and like many, it had a tightly-knit community. It was home to a number of charities, run by women, that worked to provide for orphans and the poor. Though Linoveh escaped much of the tsarist policies that were targeting Jews, it was surrounded by other Jewish communities that were suffering from discriminatory policies and pogroms. Abramowitz left this home at a young age to seek work elsewhere in Russia, returning after a period of a few months. In 1905, she immigrated to America with two of her cousins. Unlike many around her, she did not leave to escape oppression by Tsar Nicholas II or antisemitic violence, but rather to avoid arranged marriage.〔〔 Her name was anglicized to "Bessie" by a customs officer upon her arrival.
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